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Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria cases admitted in Dalian and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis,treatment and control of the disease.Methods A retrospective analysis method was used to descriptively analyze the epidemiological data of 104 cases of imported malaria from 2013 to 2018 treated in Dalian Sixth People's Hospital.The clinical characteristics of 93 hospitalized patients (13 in the severe group and 80 in the non-severe group) were analyzed by t (t') test or Mann-Whitney U test.Results Among 104 cases of imported malaria,82 cases were falciparum malaria,5 cases were vivax malaria,4 cases were oval malaria,2 cases were quartan malaria,2 cases were mixed infections,and there were 9 cases without classification.The ratio of males to females was 16.33:1.00 (98:6).The age was (42.07 ± 11.07) years.There was no obvious seasonality in the onset time.We found 102 cases were come from Africa,and their main occupations were outbound workers or fishermen.After blood laboratory examination at admission between severe group and non-severe group,the differences of red blood cell (RBC),hematocrit (PCV),hemoglobin (Hb),serum creatinine (SCr),and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)were statistically significantly different (t =6.561,7.140,6.962;Z =-3.469,-3.739,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In Dalian the falciparum malaria is the main infectious species in imported malaria cases,and Africa is the main area of infection.Outbound workers should be trained in malaria prevention and treatment in Africa.Early admission indicators (RBC,PCV,Hb,SCr,BUN) help clinicians to diagnosis and treat severe cases early.
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This study investigated the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on chronic neuropathic pain in rats.The behavior of rats with experimental chronic neuropathic pain was observed,and the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn were detected.Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham-operated group,sham-rTMS group,1 Hz group and 20 Hz group (8 rats in each group).Chronic constriction nerve injury induced by sciatic nerve ligation was made to establish the models of the chronic neuropathic pain in rats except those in the sham-operated group.Then we applied different frequencies of rTMS to the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain side once daily for 10 consecutive days.Pain behavior scores were observed before and after treatment.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs.Double immunofluorescent labeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was employed to observe the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral L4-6 spinal dorsal horn.After rTMS treatment,the spontaneous pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS group (P＜0.05).Moreover,the brush-evoked pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS and 1 Hz group (P＜0.05),suggesting that the spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group were significantly alleviated.Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs was significantly decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group (P＜0.01) after rTMS treatment.Double immunofluorescence suggested that the expression of GFAP and the co-localization with BrdU in astrocytes were less in the sham-operated group than those in the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain.After rTMS treatment,the expression of GFAP and the co-localization with BrdU decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group (P＜0.05).In addition,the alleviation degree of spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group was negatively correlated with the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral DRGs and the number of GFAP/BrdU co-labelled astrocytes in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain (P＜0.05).It was suggested that high-frequency rTMS may relieve neuropathic pain through down-regulating the overexpression of nNOS in ipsilateral DRGs and inhibiting the activity and proliferation of astrocytes in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain.
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This study investigated the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on chronic neuropathic pain in rats.The behavior of rats with experimental chronic neuropathic pain was observed,and the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn were detected.Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham-operated group,sham-rTMS group,1 Hz group and 20 Hz group (8 rats in each group).Chronic constriction nerve injury induced by sciatic nerve ligation was made to establish the models of the chronic neuropathic pain in rats except those in the sham-operated group.Then we applied different frequencies of rTMS to the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain side once daily for 10 consecutive days.Pain behavior scores were observed before and after treatment.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs.Double immunofluorescent labeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was employed to observe the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in the ipsilateral L4-6 spinal dorsal horn.After rTMS treatment,the spontaneous pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS group (P＜0.05).Moreover,the brush-evoked pain behavior scores were significantly lower in the 20 Hz group than those in the sham-rTMS and 1 Hz group (P＜0.05),suggesting that the spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group were significantly alleviated.Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs was significantly decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group (P＜0.01) after rTMS treatment.Double immunofluorescence suggested that the expression of GFAP and the co-localization with BrdU in astrocytes were less in the sham-operated group than those in the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain.After rTMS treatment,the expression of GFAP and the co-localization with BrdU decreased in the 20 Hz group as compared with the sham-rTMS group and the 1 Hz group (P＜0.05).In addition,the alleviation degree of spontaneous pain and brush-evoked pain in the 20 Hz group was negatively correlated with the expression of nNOS in ipsilateral DRGs and the number of GFAP/BrdU co-labelled astrocytes in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain (P＜0.05).It was suggested that high-frequency rTMS may relieve neuropathic pain through down-regulating the overexpression of nNOS in ipsilateral DRGs and inhibiting the activity and proliferation of astrocytes in L4-6 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the neuropathic pain.
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OBJECTIVE We want to investigate the mechanism of organophosphate- induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and find appropriate therapeutic medicine. OPIDN, often leads to pares?thesias, ataxia and paralysis, occurs in the late-stage of acute poisoning or after repeated exposures to organophosphate (OP) insecticides or nerve agents, and may contribute to the Gulf War Syndrome. METHODS FDSS Ca2 +-influx assays, single-cell calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology were the major testing techniques. Transfected HEK293 cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to evaluate the effects of compounds. Wild type and trpa1 knockout mice and adult hyline brown hens were used to evaluate the neuropathological damages caused by the OPs. Transmission electron microscopy imaging was used to observe the nerve injuries ultrastructurally. High-throughput screen for TRPA1 inhibitors was accomplished by Ion Works Barracuda (IWB) automated electrophysiology assay. RESULTS TRPA1 (Transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) channel mediates OPIDN. A variety of OPs, exemplified by malathion, activates TRPA1 but not other neuronal TRP channels. Malathion increases the intracellular calcium levels and upregulates the excitability of mouse DRG neurons in vitro. Mice with repeated exposures to malathion also develop local tissue nerve injuries and pain-related behaviors, which resembles the early symptoms of OPIDN. Both the neuropathological changes and the nocifensive behaviors can be attenuated by treatment of TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 or abolished by knockout of Trpa1 gene. In the classic hens OPIDN model, malathion causes nerve injuries and ataxia to a similar level as the positive inducer tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which also activates TRPA1 channel. Treatment with HC030031 reduces the damages caused by malathion or TOCP. Duloxetine and Ketotifen, two commercially available drugs exhibiting TRPA1 inhibitory activity, show neuroprotective effects against OPIDN and might be used in emergency situations. CONCLUSION TRPA1 is the major mediator of OPIDN and targeting TRPA1 is an effective way for the treatment of OPIDN.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate how MLKL functions on the membrane and explore its electrophysiological characters and structure. METHODS The full-length human MLKL were expressed in SF21 cells and purified using glutathione-sepharose affinity chromatography. The currents of purified MLKL proteins were recorded in avoltage-clamp mode using a Warner BC-535 bilayer clamp amplifier. The currents were digitized using pCLAMP 10.2 software. HEK293 cells were cultured and transfected with MLKL plasmid. Cell viability was examined using the CellTiter- Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. RESULT MLKL forms cation channels that are permeable preferentially to Mg2+ rather than Ca2+ in the presence of Na+ and K+. Moreover,each MLKL monomer contains five transmembrane helices:H1, H2, H3 , H5 and H6 of the N-terminal domain which is sufficient to form channels. Finally, MLKL-induced membrane depolarization and cell death exhibit a positive correlation to its channel activity.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique has recently been reported in a limited number of studies as an effective surgical technique for the management of large macular holes (MHs) with fair MH closure rates as well as gains in visual acuity. In the current study, longitudinal changes in multi-focal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were evaluated in eyes with large MHs managed by this technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective noncontrolled interventional study of eight patients (eight eyes) with large MHs (minimum diameter >400 μm) was conducted. All MHs were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and indocyanine green-assisted inverted ILM flap technique. SD-OCT images were used to assess the anatomical outcomes of surgery while BCVA and mfERG were used to evaluate the functional outcomes during a 3-month follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients underwent successful intended manipulation and translocation of the ILM flap without flap dislocation and achieved complete anatomical closure. Partial microstructural reconstruction, demonstrated on SD-OCT as restoration of the external limiting membrane and the ellipsoid zone, was observed in all cases as early as 1 month after surgery. Functionally, as compared to baseline, all patients showed improvements in BCVA and all but one in mfERG response during follow-up. However, Pearson's test revealed no significant correlations between BCVA and mfERG responses of the fovea and of the macular area at each evaluation time point.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Inverted ILM flap technique appears to be a safe and effective approach for the management of large idiopathic MHs with favorable short-term anatomical and functional results. Postoperative reconstruction of the microstructure generally shows good consistency with improvements in both BCVA and mfERG response, of which the latter might be a supplement for the former in postoperative functional follow-up.</p>
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Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Electroretinography , Follow-Up Studies , Prospective Studies , Retinal Perforations , General Surgery , Surgical Flaps , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Background Stickler syndrome is a genetic connective tissue disorder that affects the ocular,skeletal,orofacial and auditory systems.To determine the gene mutation loci can offer a basis for genetic diagnosis and management of Stickler syndrome.Objective The aim of this study was to research the clinical characteristics of a pedigree with Stickler syndrome and identify the disease-causing gene mutation.Methods This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The clinical study and pedigree analysis were performed in one family with Stickler syndrome type Ⅰ (STL Ⅰ).Nine family members were examined with informed consent.The entire coding regions of COL2A1 gene with flanking intronic regions were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced.The detected sequence change was confirmed to be mutationloci by examining whether they existed in normal control individuals.Mutant proteins were predicted with online software.Results There were 4 generations and 11 members in this family,and 2 members died,including 1 patient.Three patients were found in 9living families.Inheritance of this family complicd with an autosomal dominant inheritance mode.All affected individuals showed the consistent phenotypes with STL Ⅰ,including high myopia,membranous vitreous anomaly and surface central flat,short nose,palatoschisis,etc.Mutation screening of COL2A1 gene revealed that the first base of intron 12 was deleted(IVS12+1G del).Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that this mutation led to the functional abnormal of this gene by forming termination cordon in advance.This mutation occurred in all affected individuals,however,no mutation was observed in any unaffected member or 100 normal unrelated individuals.Conclusions This study identifies a novel splice-site mutation(IVS12+ 1G del)in COL2A1 gene in a Chinese STL Ⅰ pedigree.This is the first report on a mutation in a Chinese STL Ⅰ family.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mutations in the transforming growth factor beta I (TGFBI) gene cause several types of autosomal-dominant corneal dystrophies. We investigated the role of this gene in a Chinese family affected by granular corneal dystrophy (GCD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Family history and phenotypic data were recorded. The diagnosis of GCD was made on the basis of clinical evaluation. The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All the exons and flanking intron-exon boundary sequences of TGFbetaI were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for mutation by direct DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A heterozygous C to T transition at nucleotide c.1663 (CGG to TGG R555W) of TGFbetaI gene was present in two affected members but was absent in the rest of the family members.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A recurrent pathogenic R555W of TGFbetaI gene mutation is identified, which appears to be the predominant mutations causing GCD in different populations.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary , Genetics , Mutation , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the effect of individualized physical exercise prescription on patients’ nutrition status, physical ability and self-care ability in patients with intestinal fistula and severe malnutrition. Methods:Twenty-four patients were divided randomly into two groups, the experiment group exercised according to physical exercise prescription, control group exercised in a routine way. The patients’ weight, physical ability and self-care ability were measured on the day before exercise and the 28th day after exercise. Results:Patients in the exercise group had significant more exercise than those in the routine group, and the physical ability and self-care ability were significant better that those in the routine group. Conclusion:Individualized physical exercise prescription can accelerate the recovery of physical ability and self-care ability, it can be used safely and effectively in patients with intestinal fistula and severe malnutrition.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a strain of human cervical carcinoma cell line and to provide a cervical carcinoma animal model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cervical carcinoma specimens incised aseptically were cultured in vitro by tissue culture methods, giving a tumor cell growth curve. Morphology of the cells was observed, with cell cycling analysis and chromosome analysis performed. The tumor markers (ER, PR, Keratine, PCNA) expressions of the cell line were detected by immuno-cytochemical technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A human cervical carcinoma cell line HCC-0214 (H) has been obtained by in vitro tissue culture methods. The cells have been maintained for 16 months through 131 passages, showing a stable growth with a population doubling time of 35.48 h and a tendency to pile up without contact inhibition. The ultrastructure showed typical desmosomes and numerous tonofilaments. Chromosome analysis revealed the number of chromosomes per cell varied from 35-156 with a stem-line number of 58-80 (64.8%). The morphology of chromosomes showed human tumor cell structure. The tumor markers (ER, PR, Keratine, PCNA) of the cells showed a high expression. The DNA index was 1.931 by flow cytometry (FCM). The histopathology of the transplanted tumors in nude mice was the same as the original tumor, though with none successful by serum culture.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A human cervical carcinoma cell line HCC-0214 established by tissue culture is identical to the primary cancer cell in biological characters. After the cells have been passaged for more than 16 months continually, their characteristics are still retained. Therefore, HCC-0214 may be used as a stable cell line.</p>
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Female , Humans , Cell Culture Techniques , Methods , Cell Division , Physiology , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Physiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
To find a way to improve the effects of clinical health education,the clinical health education nurses collocating qualifications to hold their posts, job duties, examinations of training, and practical efficacies were recommended. The setup of clinical education nurses had the advantages as follow: First, the clinical health education with high levels and high qualities can effectively strengthen the patients attending consciousness;second,scientific trainings of health education nurses were useful to pre control the qualities of the health education and improve the level; At last, respecting and caring for patients were the key points to make the patients satisfy the health education.